Numbers in JavaScript

22 Aug 2024

Intermediate

4.17K Views

4 min read

Unlike object-oriented programming languages (C++, C#, Java), JavaScript doesn't have different types of numbers, like integer, floating-point, long, double, etc. JavaScript has only one type of number that is a floating-point number.

The Number is one of the primitive data types used for using the positive or negative integer, float (decimal number), binary, octal, hexadecimal, and exponential values in JavaScript, and the numbers for the JavaScript are double-precision 64-bit binary formats like a double data type in C# and Java. It follows the international IEEE 754 standard to represent the different sets of number types.

The first character of a number type should be an integer value, and it must not be enclosed in quotation marks because it can not be represented as a string of characters.

You can write JavaScript numbers with or without decimals as given below.

<script>
var x = 5; // number without decimal
var y = 5.42; // number with decimal
</script>

A JavaScript number is a 64bit (8 bytes) floating-point number which has range of 5e-324 (negative) to 1.7976931348623157e+308 (positive).

JavaScript Numbers Accuracy

JavaScript numbers without decimal are considered accurate up to 15 digits and JavaScript Numbers with decimal are considered accurate up to 16 digits.

<script>
//Non-decimal number accuracy test
var x = 999999999999999; //15 digits
var y = 9999999999999999; //16 digits 
var z = 8999999999999999; //16 digit

console.log(x); //999999999999999
console.log(y); //10000000000000000
console.log(z); //8999999999999999

//Decimal number accuracy test
var x = 1.999999999999999; //16 digits
var y = 1.9999999999999999; //17 digits
var z = 11.999999999999999; //17 digits

console.log(x); //1.999999999999999
console.log(y); //2
console.log(z); //11.999999999999998

var x = 16.99999999999999; //16 digits
var y = 161.9999999999999; //16 digits
var z = 161.99999999999999; //17 digits

console.log(x); //16.99999999999999
console.log(y); //161.9999999999999
console.log(z); //162 
</script>

Note

If you want to get an accurate result, take the non-decimal numbers up to 15 digits and decimal numbers up to 16 digits. Since floating-point arithmetic is not always 100% accurate.

JavaScript Special Type Numbers

JavaScript has two special types of numbers: Infinity and NaN.

<script>
console.log(typeof(Infinity)) //Number
console.log(typeof(NaN)) //Number
</script>

Infinity
A JavaScript expression can return Infinity or -Infinity value as a result. For example, when you divide a number by 0 (zero), it will return Infinity
```
<script>
console.log(5/0); //Infinity
console.log(-5/0); //-Infinity
</script>
```
NaN - Not a Number
A JavaScript expression can return NaN value as a result. For example, when you divide a string by a number, it will return NaN
```
<script>
console.log("Hello"/4); //NaN
console.log("Hello"-4); //NaN
</script>
```

Note

When you will use + operator within your JavaScript expression and your expression have string values, it will work as a concatenation operator and JavaScript expression will not return NaN.

<script>
console.log("Hello"+4); //Hello4
</script>

Numbers As Objects

You can also define numbers as objects with the help of a new keyword. Using numbers as an object is not recommended since they slow down execution speed.

<script>
var x = 4; //number
var y = new Number(4); //object

console.log(typeof(x)) //number
console.log(typeof(y)) //object
</script>

What do you think?

I hope you now have a better understanding of Javascript numbers. I would like feedback from my blog readers. Your valuable feedback, questions, or comments about this article are always welcome.