How to Upload a File in ASP .NET MVC?

How to Upload a File in ASP .NET MVC?

26 Mar 2024
Intermediate
278K Views
9 min read

Uploading a file in ASP .NET MVC: An Overview

In this MVC Tutorial, we will see how to upload a file. Uploading a file in the ASP.NETMVC application is very easy. The posted file is automatically available as a HttpPostedFileBase parameter in the action of the controller. For uploading a file on the server you are required to have a file input control within HTML form having the encoding type set to multipart/form-data. The default encoding type of a form is application/x-www-form-urlencoded and this is not sufficient for posting a large amount of data to the server.

Read More: MVC Interview Questions and Answers

Let's See How to Do It

Step 1: Form for uploading the file

@using (Html.BeginForm("FileUpload", "Home", FormMethod.Post, new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" }))
{ 
 @Html.ValidationSummary();
 <ol>
 <li class="lifile">
 <input type="file" id="fileToUpload" name="file" />
 <span class="field-validation-error" id="spanfile"></span>
 </li>
 </ol>
 <input type="submit" id="btnSubmit" value="Upload" />
}

Step 2: Validating the file on the client side

<script type="text/jscript">
//get file size
function GetFileSize(fileid) {
 try 
 {
 var fileSize = 0;
 //for IE
 if ($.browser.msie) 
 {
 //before making an object of ActiveXObject, 
 //please make sure ActiveX is enabled in your IE browser
 var objFSO = new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject"); var filePath = $("#" + fileid)[0].value;
 var objFile = objFSO.getFile(filePath);
 var fileSize = objFile.size; //size in kb
 fileSize = fileSize / 1048576; //size in mb 
 }
 //for FF, Safari, Opeara and Others
 else 
 {
 fileSize = $("#" + fileid)[0].files[0].size //size in kb
 fileSize = fileSize / 1048576; //size in mb 
 }
 return fileSize;
 }
 catch (e) 
 {
 alert("Error is :" + e);
 }
}

//get file path from client system
function getNameFromPath(strFilepath) 
{
 var objRE = new RegExp(/([^\/\\]+)$/);
 var strName = objRE.exec(strFilepath);
 
 if (strName == null) 
 {
 return null;
 }
 else 
 {
 return strName[0];
 }
}

$("#btnSubmit").live("click", function () 
{
 if ($('#fileToUpload').val() == "") 
 {
 $("#spanfile").html("Please upload file");
 return false;
 }
 else 
 {
 return checkfile();
 }
});

function checkfile() 
{
 var file = getNameFromPath($("#fileToUpload").val());
 if (file != null) 
 {
 var extension = file.substr((file.lastIndexOf('.') + 1));
 // alert(extension);
 switch (extension) {
 case 'jpg':
 case 'png':
 case 'gif':
 case 'pdf':
 flag = true;
 break;
 default:
 flag = false;
 }
 }
 if (flag == false) 
 {
 $("#spanfile").text("You can upload only jpg,png,gif,pdf extension file");
 return false;
 }
 else 
 {
 var size = GetFileSize('fileToUpload');
 if (size > 3) 
 {
 $("#spanfile").text("You can upload file up to 3 MB");
 return false;
 }
 else 
 {
 $("#spanfile").text("");
 }
 }
}

$(function () 
{
 $("#fileToUpload").change(function () {
 checkfile();});
});
</script>

Step 3: Controller's action for receiving the posted file

[HttpPost]
public ActionResult FileUpload(HttpPostedFileBase file)
{
 if (ModelState.IsValid)
 {
 if (file == null)
 {
 ModelState.AddModelError("File", "Please Upload Your file");
 }
 else if (file.ContentLength > 0)
 {
 int MaxContentLength = 1024 * 1024 * 3; //3 MB
 string[] AllowedFileExtensions = new string[] { ".jpg", ".gif", ".png", ".pdf" };
 
 if (!AllowedFileExtensions.Contains(file.FileName.Substring(file.FileName.LastIndexOf('.'))))
 {
 ModelState.AddModelError("File", "Please file of type: " + string.Join(", ", AllowedFileExtensions));
 }
 
 else if (file.ContentLength > MaxContentLength)
 {
 ModelState.AddModelError("File", "Your file is too large, maximum allowed size is: " + MaxContentLength + " MB");
 }
 else
 {
 //TO:DO
 var fileName = Path.GetFileName(file.FileName);
 var path = Path.Combine(Server.MapPath("~/Content/Upload"), fileName);
 file.SaveAs(path);
 ModelState.Clear();
 ViewBag.Message = "File uploaded successfully";
 }
 }
 }
 return View();
}

How it works...

Summary

I hope you will enjoy the tips while working with MVC. I would like to have feedback from my blog readers. Your valuable feedback, questions, or comments about this article are always welcome. Enjoy Coding..!

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FAQs

The posted file is automatically available as a HttpPostedFileBase parameter in the action of the controller. For uploading a file on the server you are required to have a file input control within HTML form having the encoding type set to multipart/form-data.

The Users can select files by dragging and dropping them over the Upload.
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About Author
Shailendra Chauhan (Microsoft MVP, Founder & CEO at Scholarhat by DotNetTricks)

Shailendra Chauhan, Founder and CEO of ScholarHat by DotNetTricks, is a renowned expert in System Design, Software Architecture, Azure Cloud, .NET, Angular, React, Node.js, Microservices, DevOps, and Cross-Platform Mobile App Development. His skill set extends into emerging fields like Data Science, Python, Azure AI/ML, and Generative AI, making him a well-rounded expert who bridges traditional development frameworks with cutting-edge advancements. Recognized as a Microsoft Most Valuable Professional (MVP) for an impressive 9 consecutive years (2016–2024), he has consistently demonstrated excellence in delivering impactful solutions and inspiring learners.

Shailendra’s unique, hands-on training programs and bestselling books have empowered thousands of professionals to excel in their careers and crack tough interviews. A visionary leader, he continues to revolutionize technology education with his innovative approach.
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